Abstract
Elastography, a branch of tissue characterization, is the measurement and/or depiction of the elastic or viscoelastic properties of tissues. It provides the image contrast, needed to distinguish among the soft and stiff tissues, that is missing from conventional B-mode imaging. The underlying physics most often includes the propagation of longitudinal and shear waves, the conversion of longitudinal waves with a sound speed of 1500m/s under nonlinear conditions into an acoustic radiation force field, which, in turn, generates low-frequency shear waves traveling at a few m/s. The excitation is usually a static force, a transient or continuous ultrasound wave. The displaced tissue can be sensed by various methods, such as ultrasound, acoustic surface sensors, optical devices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X ray. The elastography methods reviewed include one dimensional (1D), quasi-static, sonoelastography, shear wave elasticity imaging, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, supersonic shear imaging, harmonic motion imaging, and natural imaging.
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