Abstract
On the eve of climate change, the productivity of crops in developing countries such as Pakistan is facing major production constraints due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, phytoplasma diseases are often neglected despite their major role in annual economic losses. In certain crops, i.e., fruits and vegetables, the annual losses are estimated to be as high as 70%–100% due to phytoplasmas. In this chapter, we highlight the major phytoplasma diseases that have been identified and characterized in Pakistan. The phytoplasmal diseases discussed include those caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia (16SrII-D group) affecting chickpea, flax plants, fenugreek, mung bean, periwinkle, carrot, cabbage, onion, and sesame. 16SrIB, 16SrII-C, 16SrIX-H, and 1SrXIB subgroups of phytoplasma strains have also been found associated with other important agricultural crops in Pakistan.
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