Abstract
One of the most important problems in today’s world is environmental pollution from industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions. These ions are the most dangerous chemical water pollutants, and due to their toxicity much attention has been paid to them. Agricultural and industrial activities release diverse heavy metal ions in the environment, which are harmful to the health of humans and other organisms. The nonbiodegradable properties of heavy metal ions promote an agglomeration of these metals in a varied range of living organisms. The excessive accumulation of heavy metal ions can have adverse effects on the functioning of various organs in the body, for example, the kidney, liver, nervous system, digestive system, and skin, and cause cancer in different tissues of the body. Therefore, to prevent the caused damage by heavy metal ions, it is necessary to prevent their entry into the environment. Among various treatment methods, the adsorption process is considered as one of the economical and effective strategies for water treatment in the world. Polymer nanocomposites (NCs) have been extensively utilized for water remediation because of the extraordinary characteristics, for example, abundant active sites, high surface area, and great adsorption capacity. In this chapter, synthesis of the poly(vinyl alcohol)-based NCs, and also their applications in the diverse heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solutions have been briefly outlined.
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