Abstract
The use of biomaterials for the treatment of bone defects is far more efficient than surgical reconstruction, allografts, and metal implants. This makes research into biobased and renewable materials for bone scaffolds of the utmost interest. Chitosan stands on top of the list because it satisfies conditions of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Apart from these qualities, scaffolds are expected to have a number of other properties such as porosity, water retention, protein adsorption, mechanical strength, and biomineralization. However, some of these properties are not sufficiently displayed by chitosan. Over the years, extensive research has been directed toward the means of improving the deficient properties of chitosan to make it suitable for bone repair and regeneration applications. In this chapter, special attention is paid to the development of chitosan as a material for bone tissue engineering.
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