Abstract
It is now clear that the bone/marrow organ contains a multipotent skeletal stem cell (SSC) that is able to recreate cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma, and marrow adipocytes. Based on their ability to form bone, and to control osteoclastogenesis (at least in part), they are central mediators of skeletal homeostasis. As such, mutations that affect their biological activities can have a profound effect on the skeleton, and even on hematopoiesis due to their participation in the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Furthermore, the fate choices of SSCs in the postnatal organism into osteogenic and adipogenic progeny are highly influenced by changes in the microenvironment in which they reside, and are mediated by numerous signaling pathways, genomic, and epigenetic processes. Lastly, SSCs are an essential ingredient for any process aimed at enduring regeneration, bone regeneration by the cells themselves due to their ability to mediate bone turnover.
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