Abstract
This chapter explores optical fiber gratings that consist of a periodic modulation of refractive index along the core of an optical fiber. There are two main types of fiber gratings, namely short period gratings and long period gratings. Short period gratings, also referred to as fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), have periods on the order of half a micrometer for operation around the 1550-nm window, whereas long period gratings (LPG) have periods of a few hundred micrometers. Both types of gratings exhibit strong wavelength dependent characteristics and hence have important applications in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical fiber communication systems and networks. FBGs and LPGs have strong spectral characteristics and are finding application in many devices such as add/drop multi-plexers, wavelength lockers, dispersion compensators, sensors, and optical amplifier gain flatteners. By tailoring the grating properties, different spectral characteristics can be achieved. This chapter discusses the basic analysis of fiber gratings and its applications.
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