Chapter 15 - Emerging trends in vaccine delivery systems

Abstract

The importance of vaccinations has been recognized across the world with the arrival of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV’19). Corporations and research institutions have been racing to develop SARS-CoV’19 vaccines, which range from classic viral and protein-based vaccines to more cutting-edge forms (DNA and mRNA). However, in order to be effective, vaccination delivery methods must be efficient to deliver antigen to the target location and elicit effective immune response. Current vaccines, on the other hand, include limitations such as a lack of mucosal tolerance and an inefficient cell-mediated immune response. New edible or intradermal vaccines formulations can trigger a systemic and mucosal immune response, boosting antigen stability, and improving overall immunogenicity. Nanotechnology has also taken vaccine delivery system research to new heights. These novel vaccine delivery techniques have a number of benefits over injectable preparations, including self-administration, lower costs, greater stability, and the elimination of cold storage facilities. As a result, this chapter summarizes the research on three mostly used vaccine delivery methods, which are polymeric, liposomal, and phage dependent.