Abstract

This chapter focuses on those methods of the electrophoresis of proteins and peptides that are widely adopted in modern separation science. These techniques are divided into two categories: gel-based and free-solution methodologies. Gel-based techniques include (1) conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF) in soluble carrier ampholyte buffers, (2) IEF in immobilized pH gradients (IPG), (3) sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and (4) two-dimensional maps as engendered by an orthogonal combination of IEF and IPG. The free-solution method is the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), which is the only useful approach currently used for performing fast separations of proteins/peptides in a free solution, although size separations in capillaries filled with appropriate solutions of sieving polymers can be easily performed. The chapter focuses on models for predicting the migration of peptides and presents recent studies aimed at assessing the folding/unfolding/misfolding processes that proteins undergo during denaturation/renaturation cycles.

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