Chapter 15 - Demonstration of EV chargers on real testbed and its impact on the grid

Abstract

There is a revolution in the transportation and energy sectors with the worldwide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) [1] to promote greener mobility and clean energy. The heterogeneous distribution of EVs has led to distinct standards and hence the EV chargers. Consequently, the work in this chapter discusses different types of EV chargers depending on the charging method, architecture, power level and the type of connector and standard [2]. Additionally, the demonstration of AC and DC charging systems is presented in the real EV testbed. The communication messages exchanged between the EV and EV charger in a charging session are also presented. To make the adoption of EVs cleaner and greener in true sense, the development of renewable energy-sourced EV (RESEV) charger is the current topic of research [3]. The RESEV might face the challenges due to the intermittent power supply of renewable energy resources. But these can be taken care of either by integrating the energy storage systems (ESSs) to the network, in parallel to the green sources, or by integrating RESEVs to the grid. The initial deployment of RESEV integrated with the grid would be beneficial as it would maintain the continuity of electric supply [4]. Moreover, the continuous increase in penetration of EVs can have adverse impact on efficiency of the electric grid [5]. This can further lead to energy crisis, increase peak demand, transformer overloading, voltage dip, etc. The unmanaged integration of EVs can lead to brownouts or even blackouts in severe cases. To combat these issues, effective trading policy is a prerequisite. As the EV charging infrastructure integrated with the grid is a cyber-physical system, it also poses potential risk of cyber attacks [6]. The cyber intrusions like denial-of-service (DoS) attack, false data injection attacks (FDIAs), replay attacks, etc. by adversaries can result in unforeseen consequences. Therefore, it also mandates the incorporation of cyber attack detection and mitigation algorithms to prevent or battle against such intrusions. Therefore, this work further presents a brief description on the RESEV chargers, impact of EV chargers on the grid and requirement of demand response (DR) for EV integrated grid.