Abstract
There is a considerable interest in the skin as a site of drug application both for local and systemic effect. However, the skin, in particular, the stratum corneum, poses a formidable barrier to drug penetration thereby limiting topical and transdermal bioavailability. Skin penetration enhancement techniques (physical, chemical, mechanical) have been developed to improve bioavailability and increase the range of drugs for which topical and transdermal delivery is a viable option. Moreover, there have been many innovations in drug delivery systems that have a proven record of efficacy as well as safety for cutaneous delivery. These may include liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and several different polymer-based nanoparticles. This chapter expounds the skin as a barrier and things to know for transdermal research along with an exhaustive discussion on the factors affecting the design of transdermal drug delivery systems. The chapter also describes various strategies employed for transdermal drug delivery with a crosstalk on the traditional approaches available for transdermal drug delivery, while looking for room for formulation advancements for cutaneous and transdermal drug delivery.
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