Abstract
This chapter discusses the chemical formula, chemical name, and the electrodes sensitive to complexing agents, such as citric acid, disodium edetate, penicillamine, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. Citric acid is a chelating agent; it is also used in the preparation of effervescent tablets. Disodium edetate is a chelating agent and when administered by slow intra-venous injection it chelates calcium ions, thereby decreasing the serum calcium concentration, and has the effect of mobilizing calcium from the skeleton. It is mainly used in the treatment of percalcaemia, however, it has also been used in the cardiac arrhythmias and peripheral vascular disorders. Penicillamine is an orally administered chelating agent which aids the body's elimination of cetain toxic metal ions; it is used mainly in the treatment of hepato-lenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease). Sodium nitrite occupies a special place in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. The sodium nitrite produces methaemogobinaemia and the cyanide ions combine with the methaemoglobin to produce cyanmethaemoglogin, thus protecting essential enzymes from cyanide ions. Sodium thiosulphate is used in conjunction with sodium nitrite in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. The cyanmethaemoglobin dissociates setting free cyanide which is converted to thiocyanate by the sodium thiosulphate.
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