Abstract
Lipids from microbial sources are valuable substitutes of animal and vegetable oils, with potential applications such as food ingredients and supplements, biofuels, biolubricants, biosurfactants, and wax esters. They gained prominence as partial substitutes of fish-oil in specialty food products. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3), and arachidonic acid (omega-6) are the most targeted ingredients. The application of concepts of circular economy and bioeconomy in the production of microbial lipids, especially the use of waste materials as substrates in their synthesis, is still in early stages, being developed at laboratory and pilot scale from diverse sources, with the aim of producing food and feed ingredients and biofuels. This chapter will present the market opportunities for microbial lipids, the stage of scientific and technological development of circular economy approaches at different scales, and the perspectives for this area in the context of bioeconomy.
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