Abstract
A newly emerging area in materials science is the field of the two-dimensional materials (2D). In this category the star structure is the one of graphene that opens the door for the invention, examination, and usage of several types of carbon-based and noncarbon-based 2D materials. Last decade the need for heteroatom doped graphene pave the route for the synthesis graphitic carbon nitride. This is a 2D material with high N:C ratios and graphitic to polymeric structures. The materials as C– and N– in heterocycles with heptazine or triazine rings linked via sp2-bonded N atoms or –NH– groups. Several types of synthetic procedure which are based on poly-condensation reactions have been reported in the literature. The synthesized materials have been characterized with several techniques such as compositional analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy (Infra-Red, Raman spectroscopy), solid-state NMR, optical spectroscopies, EPR and different microscopies (AFM, SEM, TEM). The synthetic procedures are important for the properties of carbon nitrides in applications such as photocatalysis, energy storage materials, catalysts and catalyst support materials, and materials for biological applications (i.e., phototherapy, antibacterial).
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