Abstract
Cork has been used for sealing wine reservoirs since ancient times from Phoenician and Roman amphora to the present glass bottles. Even today, wines use cylindrical stoppers that are fully inserted in the bottle. Port wines, whiskies, and other liquors have cork stoppers topped by a plastic protuberant body. The properties required from a wine closure are (1) its sealing capacity, which means that no leakage occurs either at the glass interface or through the stopper, (2) inertness towards the liquid content, namely in relation to flavor, and (3) durability along storage time and possibility of removal with adequate effort. Cork fulfils these conditions and has an air permeability that allows an adequate slow oxygen transfer to the aging wine. Certification of the quality for cork stoppers is made in relation to standard properties such as dimensions, mechanical strength, density, or residual contaminations, as well as regarding the good practices followed in industrial production.
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