Abstract
Abstract Ample evidence has shown that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) orchestrates socio-affective reactivity, and the regulation of its neurotransmission is critical for a broad range of behavioral functions. One of the most important processes for the control of 5-HT function is based on its metabolism, which is primarily served by the mitochondrial-bound flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). The two members of the MAO family, A and B, also catalyze the degradation of other substrates, including catecholamines and most trace amines. Despite their high degree of similarity, MAO A and B markedly differ by substrate preference and anatomical distribution. MAO A has the highest affinity and selectivity for 5-HT and converts it into 5-hydroxy-3-indolacetaldehyde (5-HIAAL), which is further processed into 5-hydroxy-3-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Genetic variations of the MAOA gene have been extensively associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathological outcomes, ranging from antisocial conduct to mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. This chapter reviews the evidence on the associations between MAOA genetic variants and psychopathology and indicates how this evidence may provide important information on the role of 5-HTergic neurotransmission in a broad range of psychiatric disorders.
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