Abstract
Microorganisms predominantly exist in nature in the forms of biofilms, surrounded by complex polymeric matrix often attached to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Recently, increased attention has been drawn to complex microbial communities, leading to the recognition of polymicrobial species interactions due to omnipresent in natural settings. This is remarkably noticeable in multi-species biofilms, where synergistic multi-species interactions impact the microbial composition, structure, function, physiology and biomass produced. This chapter focuses on the formation, development and relevance of clinically important multi-species biofilms within the oral cavity, lungs, skin, gastrointestinal tract and indwelling medical devices dealing with human. This book chapter further explores the application, benefits, and drawbacks of multi-species biofilms in agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, and environmental bioremediation. In this work, we aim to facilitate the limited knowledge, and the application of multi-species biofilms on the initiation and/or exacerbation of human diseases and different ecological and bio-based activities.
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