Abstract
Lignin constitutes approximately 15–30wt% of lignocellulosic biomass that contributes to 40% of its total fuel value. Chemicals derived from lignin have found applications in various industries including drug design, medicinal chemistry, polymer, specialty chemicals, and coating. Albeit it is an underestimated feedstock, its efficient utilization can yield billions of gallons of transportation fuel. Moreover, lignin conversion into aromatics and value-added chemicals may lead to an overall improvement of US$11620 billion in current revenue from lignin. In this chapter, we have discussed various lignin sources and analytic techniques for characterization, products, potential market size, and biological and thermochemical routes of lignin conversion. Thenceforth, discussion gradually moves toward effect of impurities present in lignin on overall conversion process. In addition, strategy for integration of various lignin conversion technologies with existing lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies has been suggested.
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