Abstract
This chapter highlights the three phase partitioning as an advanced extraction process based on the partitioning of the target molecule within three phases of t-butanol (upper layer), protein (middle layer), and aqueous (bottom layer). Fundamentally, TPP involves the addition of crude extract to the adequate quantity of ammonium sulphate and t-butanol, resulting in the protein precipitation in the intermediate phase between aqueous and organic layers. The initial part of the chapter is focused on TPP background, mechanism, factors affecting the process and role of TPP for extraction, and purification of biomolecules. The latter part of the chapter discusses TPP modification and process intensification methods such as two-step TPP; macro- [affinity ligand] facilitated TPP; TPP using ionic liquid; ultrasound, microwave, and enzyme assisted TPP and their roles in the improvement of extraction and separation of biomolecules. The chapter also briefly considers the current challenges in TPP process and scale-up of the technology.
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