Abstract
A condenser creates the lowest possible turbine back pressure by evacuating air from a condenser shell. A liquid ring vacuum pump and/or steam-jet air ejector is used to maintain vacuum in a condenser. Heat liberated from turbine exhaust steam is removed by either water or air, or a combination of these. Water cooling is either the “recirculating” type or “once through” type. A condenser may be a “single-pressure” or “multipressure” type. Air ingress causes fall in condenser vacuum with consequent rise in turbine heat rate. Condenser flood and vacuum tightness tests identify locations through which air ingress takes place. Eliminating these defective locations ensures a vacuum-tight condenser. Heat Exchange Institute recommends evacuation of air from atmospheric pressure to 33.86kPa absolute pressure Hg in about 1800s.
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