Abstract

The comprehensive assessment of fire-retardant behavior of layered silicate nanocomposites cannot be evaluated by a single test but should include different tests representing different fire scenarios, ranging from ignition to well-developed fires. Each testing setup may show a different behavior of nanocomposites, depending on the different effectiveness of the action of nanoparticles in the different scenario. As an example, flammability tests typically evidence for lower dripping and slower combustion, which are usually detrimental for the ranking of materials accordingly to standards such as UL 94. Conversely, forced combustion tests (e.g. cone calorimeter) show the reduction of burning rate during forced combustion, which was often claimed to relate to a major improvement in material performance in fires, which is in fact very much dependent on fire scenario considered.

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