Abstract
Blasting is an integral unit operation of the Mine-Mill Fragmentation System and is a predominant method of rock breakage in mining and civil excavations. Blast sizes in terms of number of holes per blast range from few small diameter holes with small quantity of explosive in civil excavations to hundreds of large diameter holes with tonnes of explosives in large opencast mines. While only 20%–25% of the available explosive energy is used for fragmentation and throw, the rest of energy is manifested in unwanted effect. Optimum fragmentation and throw are inherent to blasting that are desired, while as undesired effects like ground vibration, air overpressure, fumes, and flyrock are undesired that need to be controlled. Flyrock, the subject of this chapter, is an unwanted throw of individual rock fragments that travel beyond the projected distances from the blast face and have a capability to damage structures and even cause fatalities.
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