Abstract
Production of green energy around the world has been increasing in recent decades, mainly due to the depletion of petroleum reserves, price hike in fossil fuels, and ecosystem contamination because of its combustion. Hence, the green energy has been adopted as renewable, sustainable, and alternative option to the fossil fuels. The use of microbial lipids as a feedstock to produce biofuels such as biodiesel has been raised due to its similarity with vegetable oil, hence eradicating the issue of food security. In this sense, microbial lipid production using oleaginous microorganisms through organic wastes has been launched as a suitable pathway to produce biodiesel. Moreover, consideration of type of substrates and microbial candidate is necessary as well as optimization of upstream and downstream process for lipid production. The chapter offers an overview of lipid biosynthesis and a detail description of upstream and downstream biodiesel production process using microbial lipids as a potential feedstock.
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