Chapter 13 - Rural and Developing Country Solutions

Abstract

This chapter discusses some environmental solutions for rural communities and developing countries. Most of the countries (developed and developing countries) are working toward zero pollution not only in industrial sectors but also in vehicle emissions to reduce the gaseous emissions to the allowable limits, as well as other sectors such as construction sector and agricultural sector. To approach zero pollution, the industry has to prevent all pollutants from its effluent. One of the major problems facing developing countries is the cost of environmental protection and its return. The current practice of agricultural waste, municipal solid waste, industrial waste, municipal waste water, etc., can be considered disastrous all over rural communities and developing countries. Thus, any solution should suit the rural communities and developing countries, and should include the economical benefits, technological availability, and environmental and social perspectives, to become sustainable. The environmental and health impacts of landfill and incineration are becoming more dangerous and disaster for developing countries and rural communities. Establishing industrial ecology within the industrial activity will avoid landfill, incineration, and treatment; can help in full utilization of raw material; and consider the waste as a by-product.