Abstract
Various kinds of environmental stresses are the main cause of the reduced productivity of crops globally including abiotic and biotic stresses.The abiotic stress includes salinity, heavy metals, cold, heat, freezing, flooding, etc. and causes significant global food loss annually. On the other hand, bacterial, fungal, nematodes, and herbivores attack (diseases and pest attacks) come under biotic stress. As the plants are immobile, so they do not have any choice to escape these environmental stresses. That’s why plant tend to overcome these stresses via inclusion of various protectative mechanisms in their metabolism It is a well-established fact that glycine betaine (GB) plays significant roles to overcome these environmental stresses in plants. The main response of GB in mitigation of stresses in plants is via osmotic adjustment, management of carbon assimilation, gene regulation, and cellular/subcellular protection. Exogenous application of GB as well as enhancement in endogenous GB production capacities of plants are very important in management of crop sustainability. This chapter summarizes various aspects of GB biosynthesis in plants and their potential role in stress management.
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