Abstract
This chapter describes infiltration of water into the soil. It presents four models of one-dimensional infiltration: the Lewis equation, Horton equation, Green and Ampt equation, and Philip equation. Two- and three-dimensional infiltration is touched upon, and Wooding's equation, widely used to characterize the infiltration of water away from a circular pond, is given. It is pointed out that multidimensional infiltration theory is dominated by the works of Philip. Redistribution is briefly discussed. The tension infiltrometer, also called the disc permeameter, is described. The tension infiltrometer is used to determine four hydraulic properties of the soil: unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, repellency, and mobility of chemicals, and each is discussed in the chapter. A simple method using an ellipsoidal equation, which requires no advanced mathematics, is given to describe multidimensional flow of water away from a circular source like the tension infiltrometer. A biography of Philip is given in the appendix.
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