Abstract
During the burning process (oxidation with oxygen molecules), every chemical/fuel containing C, H, and O atoms is converted to carbon dioxide and water, and energy is released. Therefore, by expending energy (as photon or electricity), a variety of C/H/O compounds (including CH4, C2H4, H2, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH2OH, CHOOH, CH3COOH, (COOH)2, etc.) can be synthesized through the reverse process, that is, CO2 reduction/hydrogenation with H2O molecules. The present chapter addresses this globally interesting matter and pays particular attention on the redox nature of the phenomenon. It deals with this interdisciplinary challenging problem from various standpoints, including basic physicochemical, thermodynamic, mechanistic and catalysis science (semiconducting photocatalyst/solar-energy materials) as well as practical perspectives. Tables, graphs, and schemes as well as emphasis on the generation of radical species (which are responsible for the diversity of products; serve as building blocks) are presented in this chapter, which are beneficial for a better/easy understanding of the phenomenon.
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