Chapter 13 - Evaluating the advantages of electric vehicle parking lots in day-ahead scheduling of wind-based power systems

Abstract

With growing environmental concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly resources is essential. On the other hand, population growth around the world requires the use of high-tech emerging technologies that make the supply of electricity in the power grid more efficient. The development of renewable energy sources, especially wind resources, is one of the appropriate solutions to overcome these challenges. However, the probabilistic nature of wind resources requires emerging technologies to mitigate power fluctuations. The incorporation of such intermittent and stochastic sources into an electricity grid provides some barriers in managing and the daily scheduling of power systems. The integration of emerging resources such as electric vehicle (EV) parking lots (EVPLs) into power systems is an opportunity to deal with inherent uncertainties imposed by these resources. However, the growing interest in EVPLs in the power grids caused new challenges from the improvement of end users' supply reliability point of view. While even a single electrical vehicle can be applied as a supply by vehicle to grid technology, this small-scale application results in the reliability and security of the power system. Therefore, parking lots play an essential rule by aggregating some EVs. Hence, this paper presents an optimal scheduling problem for integrated EVPLs with the power system, which is formulated as a network-constrained unit commitment model considering the AC power flow model. Furthermore, to capture the wind energy fluctuation, as well as the behavior of EVs' driver, the stochastic approach is extended. The proposed model is examined on the six-bus IEEE system and simulation results verify that the proposed model is highly efficient from the total operational cost reduction point of view.