Abstract
Intensive farming depends upon chaotic use of harmful agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides that have numerous repercussions leads to contamination of surface and groundwater due to leaching which is detrimental for human and animal health. There is rising global demand to utilize eco-friendly practices in agriculture to increase crop production. Therefore the exploitation of endophytic bacteria in crop growing proves to be a potential way for farming practices and soil health in sustainable manner. The interaction among vital components of ecosystem, the plants and microbes, helps in the regulation of biogeochemical cycles in the environment. Plant-based microorganisms can be endophytic or epiphytic depending upon their position on the host plants. These microbes utilize host plants for their production, development, and colonization in return they give a variety of benefits to the host plants. Endophytic microbes are present within the internal part where as epiphytes are found on the surface of host plant. These microbes secrete some useful substances that facilitate plant growth, elimination of dangerous contaminants, resistance to pathogenic microbes, and manufacturing of secondary metabolites. This chapter deals with the contribution of endophytic microorganisms in crop improvement for sustainable agriculture and food safety.
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