Abstract
Outbreak of biological threats and its severity is creating an alarming need for the development of rapid diagnostic tools. Early detection of biothreats is key for prevention, protection, and mitigation of pathogens. Hence, demand for biosensors to detect biothreats is increasing tremendously, paving way for detection strategies and portable and point-of-use device development. This chapter classifies different biothreats based on their toxicity levels and analytical techniques used for their detection. Further, construction of various biosensors and detection mechanisms involved in bacterial, viral, and biological toxins have been discussed. Importance of utilizing the nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes in enhancing the electroactive area is highlighted. During the biosensor development and sensing complex molecules, a large amount of data is generated with overlapping peaks and background noise. Benefits of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in interpreting the large amount of data and removal of the interferent signals to achieve better sensitivity and selectivity have been summarized.
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