Abstract
Gut microbiota have a role in several diseases, but the exact mechanism of their action is not clear. Gut microbiota synthesizes the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate, and palmitate, enhances gut serotonin synthesis in collaboration with colonic enterochromaffin cells, and modulates vagal tone. Dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their metabolites are critical for many physiological cellular processes. There are many overlapping actions between gut microbiota and EFAs and their metabolites implying that some close interaction exists among them. EFAs and their metabolites enhance the proliferation of useful gut microbiota, augment gut microbiota production of SCFAs and microbiota, and convert EFAs to SCFAs. This interaction between EFAs and gut microbiota may account for the plethora of actions of EFAs and the gut microbiome in health and disease.
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