Abstract
Swertia chirayita is a plant of immense medicinal value and yields many secondary metabolites which are used in various systems of medicines to treat different ailments. The present status of the plant is not good and existing populations of this species are vanishing with high rate. In this chapter, the general habitat, biology, cytological investigations of related species, genetic diversity, ecology, tissue culture studies, and metabolomics including genomic explorations and linked gees to biosynthesis of swertiamarin and mangiferin are discussed in context to its future conservation, improvements, and utilization. The literature indicates that if timely measures are not devised and implemented, the extinction of this species cannot be denied in near future. Thus, there is an urgent need of both ex situ and in situ conservation of this species to take benefits and enjoy the therapeutic values of this highly important plant in future.
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