Abstract
In order to assess the availability of solar energy arriving on the earth, the measurement of solar radiation at some locations is essential. This chapter discusses the instruments used to measure the various solar radiation fluxes, arriving on the earth. It further discusses the sources of errors and the methods of calibration. The chapter presents instruments for the measurement of broadband radiation. The chapter focuses on the three principal solar radiation fluxes: (1) direct, (2) global, and (3) diffuse. Detectors of the various instruments can be classified as calorimetric, thermomechanical, thermoelectric, or photoelectric. In many solar energy applications, it is necessary to measure insolation on inclined planes. Since pyranometers are calibrated in a horizontal upward direction, they may show a change in response when mounted in an inclined or downward direction. When global radiation is measured by a pyranometer and direct radiation is measured separately by a pyrheliometer, diffuse irradiance can be found by calculation. In meteorological applications, two types of optical filters are used: (1) absorption filters or (2) interference filters.
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