Abstract
In recent years, the industrial revolution has increased the use of metals for various processes and operations. Mine wastes containing heavy metals are transported to the environment, that is, air, water, and soil, through various sources, which has increased the burden in the environment. Restoration of mine waste/contaminated soil through plants has been found to be a promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technology. Phytoremediation based technologies including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization have great impact on restoration of polluted environment and human health. Metal-hyperaccumulating plants and microbes with unique abilities to tolerate, accumulate, and detoxify metals and metalloids represent an important reservoir of unique genes. Genetically modified based plants have been used for phytoremediation strategies to improve the status of contaminated soil and the natural environment. This chapter provides a critical overview on the present status of genetic engineering applications on the restoration of mine waste/contaminated soil for the betterment of human health and the environment.
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