Chapter 12 - Pseudo Poly(Amino Acids) Composed of Amino Acids Linked by Nonamide Bonds such as Esters, Imino Carbonates, and Carbonates

Abstract

The development of biomaterials saves lives and impacts positively on human health since all medical devices cannot be fabricated without them. The purpose for the first generation of biomaterials was passive, and its primary function was to limit the adverse reactions from the host. With the advancement in medical technology, the goals of biomaterials have been altered, and the new generation of biomaterials is viewed as active components that interact with cells and biological molecules to help achieve the desired function such as stem-cell differentiation, controlled release of drugs, selective targeting of cells and organs, and stimulating the appropriate cellular response. Polymers that could be ideal to meet the demands of the next generations of biomaterials are “pseudo” poly(amino acids). These polymers are composed of alternating amino acids and nonamino acid moieties. The presence of amide and other types of bonds such as ester, carbonate, and urethane allows these polymers to biodegradable. Depending upon the choices of linkers, chain extenders, and protecting groups, these polymers and their degradation products could be noncytotoxic and nonimmunogenic. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological properties can be tuned by these choices and the introduction of side chains and functional groups. Therefore, “pseudo” poly(amino acids) are promising family of polymers that can fulfill the biomaterial requirements to advance challenges that researchers and companies face as they innovate and advance medical devices.