Abstract
The aquatic Hymenoptera is a small and little known group adapted to the aquatic environment and, in some part of its biological cycle, are associated to water. In this chapter, the only Hymenoptera considered as aquatic are those that spend at least one part of their life in water and associated to an aquatic host. They are present in all biogeographical regions, except for Antarctica All known aquatic Hymenoptera are parasitoids. The superfamilies Chalcidoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Diaprioidea and Ichneumonoidea have aquatic representatives. In the Neotropical region, egg parasitoids aquatic were found in Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Trichogrammatidae (Chalcidoidea) and Platygastridae (Platygastroidea). Ichneumonidae (Ichneumonoidea) parasitize Lepidoptera larvae and/or pupae. While Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea), Diapriidae (Diaprioidea) and Figitidae (Cynipoidea) parasitize pupae and/or puparia of aquatic insects.
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