Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of specific symptoms. The conventional biomarkers used for diagnosis and management may not be helpful for early diagnosis in most patients. Furthermore, to date surgery remains the only curative option available for GBC. Therefore identifying a diagnostic biomarker that can detect GBC in its initial stage and exploring potential therapeutic targets is proven to be a major challenge. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) have emerged as an important molecular biomarker and as therapeutic targets in GBC. The stability of some of the small ncRNAs in blood makes them an interesting candidate as a diagnostic biomarker for liquid biopsy. Moreover, they are amenable to be targeted for developing novel targeted therapy. Out of a huge repertoire of ncRNAs; microRNAs, long-ncRNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs are most extensively studied in GBC. Biogenesis, regulation of cancer hallmarks, utility as a novel potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, and chemotherapeutic target amenability of different types of ncRNAs in GBC is discussed.
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