Abstract
The assembly of cilia and eukaryotic flagella requires intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility along the axonemal microtubules, which was first described in Chlamydomonas. The IFT machinery consist of at least 22 conserved IFT proteins organized into repetitive multimegadalton arrays or trains, which move by kinesin-2 to the ciliary tip and return to the cell body powered by IFT dynein. Numerous proteins of the ciliary axoneme and membrane move on IFT train in and out of cilia, which may explain its critical role in ciliary assembly. In this chapter, we will describe the IFT proteins and motors, the assembly of IFT trains and the role of IFT in ciliary assembly, maintenance and signaling.
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