Abstract

Interspecific competition is a significant factor that could limit the distribution and abundance of birds. One of the principles of ecology states that, where resources are limited, species with identical needs cannot persist together indefinitely in the same area. Invariably one would be better adapted or more efficient, and would out-compete and replace the other completely. Hence, species of birds normally differ from one another in distribution, habitat or feeding ecology, or in more than one of these respects. Despite such specialization, most bird species still share part of their food and other resources with other species, both closely related and more distant ones. If such species are limited by resources, then it follows that the numbers of one species could influence the numbers of another. At the population level, competition can thus be defined as a reduction in the distribution or numbers of one or more species that results from their shared use of the same resource. In general, the greater the overlap in the resource needs of different species, the greater the potential for competition between them.

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