Abstract
Abstract The timing and duration of sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process. Sleep timing is regulated by the circadian clock, and genetic and physiological studies in humans and animal models reveal that sleep timing is regulated by molecular networks of clock genes and cellular circuits of clock neurons. Although sleep duration seems to be regulated by networks of neural circuits, recent reverse and forward genetics have revealed several genes that regulate sleep duration and homeostasis, which suggests that sleep duration is also regulated by both cellular circuits and molecular networks. In this chapter, we discuss how timing of sleep is regulated by circadian clocks and how homeostatic regulation of sleep amount occurs.
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