Abstract
The maternal supply of nutrients plays a critical role in fetal growth and development, but increasing evidence has led to the assertion that also several genetic risk factors are associated to adverse neonatal outcomes. Deficiency or imbalance of nutrients, as well as polymorphisms in both maternal and fetal genes metabolism, may influence fetal development, also resulting in low birth weight, small for gestational age babies, and intrauterine growth restriction. Polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism are the most investigated, but the effect of genetic variants in fatty acids, proteins, and micronutrients metabolism has been also assessed.
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