Abstract
This chapter, along with the next, provides an overview of current market developments in EU-relevant gas markets and allows a comprehensive assessment of current and future developments. The description of Southern Europe in this chapter focuses on Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Italy is the third largest national gas market in the EU, after the United Kingdom and Germany. Spain still has a relatively small gas market. However, the share of gas in the national energy balance is expected to grow. Portugal is an emerging gas market. The gas infrastructure is under development, similar to the industrial structures. This chapter provides brief overviews of the core features of the gas markets in these regions. They focus on the industry structures and the challenges for the regulatory reform. The rapid development of the natural gas market is mainly the consequence of a strong increase in the industrial use of this energy source. The peripheral geographical location of these countries certainly limits the physical access to different sources of gas and restricts the development of competitive markets in this part of Europe.
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