Abstract
The development of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is not only important for the improvement of breeding efficiency and the understanding of reproductive physiology in primates, but could also offer the possibility to establish closer animal models for human diseases and biomedicine research. This would in fact bypass the limitations imposed by both laws and ethics on the experimental use of human cells. Significant progress has been made in the development of ARTs in NHPs, mostly focusing on the macaque genus. This is due to stringent similarity of reproductive characteristics to humans, such as menstrual bleeding, a single pear-shaped uterus, and reproductive hormone pattern. In this review, although more recently developed reproductive technologies have been implemented and reported successfully, such as cloning in macaque monkey and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in rhesus monkey, a focus will be given to the most commonly used reproductive technologies in NHPs, being sperm collection, superovulation, in vitro fertilization and transfer.
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