Abstract
The utilization of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (DDSs) has proven to be a successful technique for improving the effectiveness and efficacy of drugs. Since the emergence of nanocarriers such as nanogels, micelles, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, there has been a rising interest in formulating intelligent DDSs that release the drug on demand. Stimuli-responsive DDSs, also termed self-regulating DDSs, are multifunctional delivery systems designed to carry the drug moiety through the body then to release it at a target tissue and at a specified time. The release of the drug at the site of action is triggered by a stimulus, which is a state of excitability, that is either exogenous or endogenous, including temperature, light, pH, glucose levels, ion concentration, etc. Stimuli-sensitive DDSs can be administered via a number of routes such as oral, parenteral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, dermal, and others. This gives rise to a therapeutic potential for the treatment of tumors, cardiovascular problems, and infectious diseases. In this chapter, we discuss stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that control the bio-distribution and effect of drugs in response to specific stimuli, specifically magnetic field, ultrasound intensity, and electric pulses.
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