Abstract
Web services are created to solve the interoperability of applications across operating systems, programming languages, and object models. Web Services achieve this by relying on well-supported Internet standards, such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Extensible Markup Language (XML). This chapter discusses why Web Services are an important new development in the area of Internet standards, and what business problems they address. It describes the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which lets one exchange data and documents over the Internet in a well-defined way, and related standards to describe and discover Web Services. SOAP is an open Internet standard. IBM, Ariba, and Microsoft originally proposed it, and the W3C has taken on the initiative to develop it further. Although the SOAP specification was written in such a way as to be implemented on a variety of Internet transport protocols, it is most often used on top of HTTP. Further, the chapter emphasizes Web Services that denotes a noteworthy shift in application development: away from insular, monolithical solutions and toward truly distributed, modular, open, inter-enterprise internet-based applications. Finally, the chapter explains techniques for error handling and state management and discusses how Web Services integrate with the Microsoft .NET platform.
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