Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant research interest since the discovery of graphene in 2004. 2D materials enable artificial integration of heterostructures within a unique platform showing exotic physical properties and applications. Each layer of the 2D material consists of a covalent bond, dangling-bond-free lattice and weak van der Waals (vdWs) interaction. This makes it feasible to fabricate lateral and vertical vdWs heterostructures without the constraints of lattice matching and processing compatibility. These vdWs heterostructures open the door for a broad range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics, flexible devices, sensors, and photovoltaics. In this chapter we have critically assessed recent developments in 2D materials, fabrication of heterostructures, and their application for sensing. We conclude by discussing current challenges and ideas concerning future developments in this emerging field.
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