Abstract
Fish represent a valuable tool for achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14. Consequently, in this chapter we carry out an extensive and critical review of aquaculture practice and its impact; the current status of production in Nigeria and the major sub-Saharan Africa; and three major bacterial fish pathogens: Aeromonas hydrophila, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, and Flavobacterium columnare. The review considers the genome, pathogenesis, and control of the pathogens; immune response of the host; host-pathogen interaction; and recent advances in vaccine development. The continuous evolution of these pathogens demands active and real-time surveillance of the pathogens in endemic and emergent locations. Similarly, sub-Saharan Africa countries need to develop capacity for active and real-time surveillance, epidemiology, and diversity studies.
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