Abstract
The rs738409 polymorphism in adiponutrin (PNPLA3 gene) has shown robust association with alcoholic liver disease in multiple ethnic groups. Adiponutrin is a hepatic triglyceride lipase with multiple additional putative biological activities. The biological effect of this polymorphism is still not certain as contradicting evidences of a loss of function of triglyceride lipase and gain of function of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity are present in literature. The current review focuses on the role of adiponutrin in lipid trafficking. Both molecular predictions and experimental evidences are summarized. As adiponutrin possesses a dual role of lipolysis and hepatic lipogenesis, this protein is also a prime example of a Yin-Yang protein. The limitations of murine models and utility of cancer cell lines as a natural model system for rs738409 polymorphism are discussed in this chapter.
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