Abstract
Although olive cultivation and manufacturing has an average green–blue water footprint lower than the mean for oil crops, the selection of cultivars highly tolerant to dehydration is an attractive objective. Here we compile a rank of cultivars according to their drought tolerance. A high photosynthetic rate can be maintained by inducing leaf-anatomical changes. Antioxidant enzymes and soluble protectors help olives tolerate water stress more effectively. All cultivars show differences depending on the genotype. Cultivars have been classified according to their resistance level to the most important diseases: Verticillium wilt, leaf spot, and olive knot. Transgenic plants with osmotin genes, expected to show increased resistance to fungal diseases, have been obtained. High variability in productivity, oil yield, and quality has been observed in assays carried out in two germplasm banks (Cordoba and Catalonia). Genotypes from breeding crosses have produced omega-3 or β-carotene–rich oils.
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