Chapter 11 - Miscellaneous applications. I. Metering, Power Tools, Alarm/Security, Medical Equipments, etc.

Abstract

This chapter explains both primary and secondary electrochemical systems that have found a notable place in industrial applications. When the specifications are not very severe, when the cost of the power source is a prime concern, or if a recharge is not needed, the alkaline cells are widely used because they represent a lower cost solution per unit. Much well-known industrial equipment owes its existence to the remarkable features of lithium-based chemistries. When very long run times or extreme temperatures are part of the technical requirements, primary lithium batteries are the only choice, in spite of their high price. In many applications, a one-shot power source may represent an excessively costly solution and rechargeable batteries are then used. This leads toward the growing use of the lithium/ion (Li/Ion) system, in spite of two major drawbacks: the need to electronically control the charge and discharge voltages and the swelling of the prismatic cells during the charge/discharge cycles. If its higher energy density and lower self-discharge rate have already lured the developers of cordless equipment, its recent performance improvements, including expanded operating temperature range and enhanced power capability, should attract a growing number of other users.