Chapter 11 - Large-scale hydrogen storage using underground hydrogen storage, metal hydride storage, and other emerging technologies

Abstract

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) and metal hydride storage have great potential for large-scale hydrogen storage, which can help host a large amount of renewable energy and reduce the carbon footprint of the whole energy system. Meanwhile, hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) technologies can realize long-distance hydrogen transportation and large-scale line pack with the help of existing natural gas basic networks. Natural gas-related infrastructure and engineering experience can provide strong theoretical and technical support for UHS, metal hydride storage, and HCNG. In this context, this chapter presents detailed planning methods and techno-economic analysis for the hydrogen penetrated-Integrated Energy System (hydrogen penetrated-IES) with the three technologies, hoping to identify the challenges and opportunities of using large-scale hydrogen storage technologies to decarbonize the energy systems. Section “Introduction” introduces the development history of the three technologies, while section “Overview of large-scale hydrogen storage technologies” outlines their typical characteristics. The planning method of the energy station in the district-level hydrogen penetrated-IES is presented in section “District-level hydrogen penetrated-IES planning method considering large-scale hydrogen storage.” In section “Regional hydrogen penetrated-IES planning method considering gas pipeline retrofit and expansion,” the collaborative planning method of the regional-level hydrogen penetrated-IES is further proposed. Taking Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China as an example, the district- and regional-level planning schemes are respectively formulated to verify the comprehensive performance of large-scale energy storage. In the end, the conclusion is given in section “Conclusion.”